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Non-human electoral candidates have been found in a number of countries. Often, the candidacies are a means of casting a protest vote or satirizing the political system. Other times, it is simply done for the entertainment value. Electoral regulations may explicitly require candidates to be human (or equivalent wording), or may require candidates to do things which animals cannot reasonably do (such as sign their name legibly on a legal form). On some occasions, however, animals have been accepted as candidates, and have even won office. ==Notable examples== *Boston Curtis, a brown mule, was offered as a candidate for a Republican precinct seat in Milton, Washington in 1938, winning 51 to zero.〔("Boston Curtis." Time Magazine. Published 26 Sept. 1938. ) Accessed 11 January 2008.〕〔(Boston Curtis ) museumofhoaxes.com〕 *Cacareco, a rhinoceros at the São Paulo zoo, was a candidate for the 1958 city council elections with the intention of protesting against political corruption.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Memória Viva apresenta: O Cruzeiro – 24 de outubro de 1959 – Cacareco agora é Excelência )〕 Electoral officials did not accept Cacareco's candidacy, but he eventually won 100,000 votes, more than any other party in that same election (which was also marked by rampant absenteeism). Today, the term "Voto Cacareco" (Cacareco vote) is commonly used to describe protest votes in Brazil. Cacareco's candidacy inspired the Rhinoceros Party of Canada, nominally led by the rhinoceros Cornelius the First. *In 1967, an Ecuadorian foot powder company advertised its product, Pulvapies, as a mayoral candidate in the town of Picoazá. Surprisingly, the foot powder won by a clear majority. *Pigasus the Immortal, a boar hog that the Yippies nominated as a candidate in the U.S. presidential election, 1968. *Colossus the Gorilla, the main attraction at Benson's Wild Animal Farm in Hudson, New Hampshire, failed to be put on the ballot in the 1980 New Hampshire Republican Presidential primary. The simian's candidacy was promoted by Benson's, but the zoo's argument that the U.S. Constitution does not specify that a native-born candidate for the presidency had to be human was rejected. * Bosco the dog, a black Labrador-Rottweiler mix, was elected mayor of Sunol, California (1981–1994).〔(Vanderbilt Television News Archive )〕〔 〕 *A cat named Morris was a candidate for mayor of Xalapa, Mexico in 2013. *In 1989, regional council boundaries were redrawn, with an emphasis on catchments being connected. These revised maps made Whangamomona, NZ part of the Manawatu-Wanganui Region. Residents wanted to continue to be part of the Taranaki Region, and on 1 November 1989, they responded by declaring themselves the "Republic of Whangamomona" at the first Republic Day. At every Republic Day, they vote to either keep the seating President or to vote in a new one. Since 1999, they have had Billy Gumboot the Goat (1999–2001) and Tai the Poodle (2003–2004), the current incumbent being Murt "Murtle the Turtle" Kennard (2005–Present). *Tião, a bad-tempered chimpanzee, was put forward by the fictional ''Brazilian Banana Party'' (''Partido Bananista Brasileiro'', actually the satirical group Casseta & Planeta) as a candidate for the Rio de Janeiro mayoralty in 1988. The campaign's slogan was "Vote monkey – get monkey" (because people were tired of voting for one platform and then seeing the elected officials implementing another one). There is no official counting (because all votes were recorded as "null"), but it's estimated that Tião received over 400,000 votes, coming third.〔(Tião's home page )〕〔(Tião's 31st birthday ), O Estado de S. Paulo, 1994-01-16〕〔(Rio Zoo completes 60 years ), O Estado de S. Paulo, 2005-03-18〕 *New Zealand's McGillicuddy Serious Party entered a goat in a local Waiheke Island election, but their attempt to have a hedgehog stand for Parliament was unsuccessful. *Dustin the Turkey, a popular Irish television puppet received thousands of votes in the Republic of Ireland's 1997 presidential election. Although not being an official candidate there are rumours that he came in fifth, ahead of official candidate Derek Nally. *In 1997, a cat named Stubbs was elected mayor of Talkeetna, Alaska. *United States film maker Michael Moore attempted to get a potted ficus tree onto the ballot as a candidate for United States Representative in 2000.〔(Plant candidate )〕 * Catmando, a political cat, served as joint leader of Britain's Official Monster Raving Loony Party (OMRLP) from 1999 to 2002, along with his owner, Howling Laud Hope. *In 2001, a Dachshund called Saucisse (Sausage) was a candidate for Marseille (France) municipal elections. He won 4% of votes. Eight years later, in 2009, he participated the third season of ''Secret Story'', the French version of ''Big Brother''. He entered the house on Day 36. His secret is that he was a candidate at the election of Marseille Mayor. To protect his secret, he entered the house with the nickname "Secret". *In 2006, a famous prankster and street artist from Szeged, Hungary, proclaimed himself the founder of the Hungarian Double-tailed Dog Party, going as far as to place propaganda ads out on the walls of Szeged's houses, promoting the candidate "István Nagy", a two-tailed dog. *Molly the Dog, a dachshund from Oklahoma, named as a candidate in the U.S. presidential election, 2008.〔(Molly the dog )〕 *United States TV host and California councilmember Charlotte Laws had a chicken who ran for Vice President on the Bully ticket in the 2012 election. *Ed the Sock, a sock puppet, attempted to run for the Fed-Up Party during the Canadian federal election, 2011. *The Inanimate Objects Party at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute encourages write-in votes for inanimate objects, such as an inflatable whale named Arthur Galpin or a dead albino squirrel. * Hank the Cat, a Maine Coon from Northern Virginia, ran against Tim Kaine and George Allen for Virginia's Senate seat in 2012. He earned third place in the state, with nearly 7,000 votes. * Tuxedo Stan, a cat from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, was a mayoral candidate in the 2012 municipal elections〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tuxedo Stan, cat, running for mayor of Halifax (video) )〕 representing the Tuxedo Party, a political movement aimed to improve the welfare of felines in HRM (Halifax Regional Municipality) "because neglect isn't working". He has been endorsed by celebrities including Anderson Cooper.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Anderson Cooper endorses Tuxedo Stan for mayor )〕 * Fire Hydrant ran for election multiple times 2004–2008 at the University of British Columbia, including a position on the Board of Governors, coming within 6 votes of being elected. This was done to raise awareness of election irregularities.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】 title=Fire Hydrant the Politician ) 〕〔 〕 * In August 2014, seven-year-old Duke The Dog won an election and became the new mayor of Cormorant, Minnesota.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Duke the Dog Mayor of Cormorant, Minnesota )〕 *Giggles the Pig was set to run for mayor of Flint, Michigan in 2015. Lawyer Michael Ewing started "Giggles the Pig for Flint Mayor" as a write-in campaign after a city clerk's office error threatened to keep all candidates' names off the August, 2015 mayoral primary election. Ewing said the candidacy "sought to draw more attention to the mayoral race, better educate voters about their choices and encourage residents to demand more of elected officials." Giggles attracted many online fans, while the "other candidates for mayor were less amused." The write-in campaign was cancelled after state officials fixed the mistake and allowed four candidates' names to appear on the ballot, and the race had become "No longer an even playing field" for Giggles. Giggles' Facebook page was then to be used to share good news stories about Flint. *Crawfish B. Crawfish is a crawfish from Louisiana. Crawfish's campaign for the United States presidency began on Facebook on a page titled "Can This Crawfish Get More Supporters Than Bobby Jindal?",〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.facebook.com/CrawfishVSJindal?ref=hl )〕 created on May 31, 2015. The campaign began to receive media attention after Louisiana governor Bobby Jindal announced his bid for the 2016 Presidential race. Since Jindal's announcement, Crawfish has received media attention from outlets such as The Huffington Post, Salon magazine, Bustle, and popular Louisiana-based publications NOLA Defender and Gambit. Crawfish officially registered with the Federal Election Commission, running for a non-listed party, on July 2, 2015.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Committee/Candidate Details )〕 Crawfish has stated his support of education, gender equality, same-sex marriage, and Game of Thrones, while criticizing the strict bi-partisan system.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://crawfish2016.com )〕 *Limberbutt McCubbins is a male cat from Kentucky who is officially registered with the Federal Election Commission as a Democratic candidate for the 2016 United States presidential election.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Committee/Candidate Details )〕 The idea to run Limberbutt as a candidate came from a high school senior named Isaac Weiss, and the cat belongs to his friend Emilee McCubbins. Limberbutt's campaign slogan is "Meow Is The Time". The cat may have stayed a local issue, had ''The Rachel Maddow Show'' not brought it widespread attention. Limberbutt's candidacy has been endorsed by Jezebel. Since the cat has been filed as a candidate, he has received coverage from major media outlets including NPR, ''The Huffington Post'', Today, and ABC News. Politifact rated the legitimacy of Limberbutt McCubbins' candidacy as "half true". Weiss and McCubbins credit their involvement with the YMCA's Youth in Government programs for helping to encourage them to be politically active. Limberbutt's first television interview had him showing his platforms in greater detail, through the interpreters, Weiss and McCubbins.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Joe Arnold Asks Presidential Candidate Limberbutt McCubbins the Hard Hitting Questions )〕 Weiss says that they want to work to reform the Federal Election Commission (FEC), stating that it only took "20 minutes" to fill out the forms, and that they did not even require a social security number. The campaign has also rallied behind voter registration for all voters, with a focus on younger voters. Limberbutt 2016 signs and buttons are showing up all over the country as citizens rally behind this campaign for a variety of reasons. Cosmopolitan also cites the desire of Weiss to reform the FEC, but doubts that Hillary Clinton will engage with Limberbutt in the presidential debates. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Non-human electoral candidates」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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